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1.
Journal of Research in Health Sciences [JRHS]. 2013; 13 (1): 37-42
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-142689

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was developing a simple and stable time-based on-line setup for assessing the potential of mercury [Hg] vapor adsorption of the commercial sorbents used in air sampling and control operation followed by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry [CVAAS]. A special designed separation chamber was used where reduction of the injected Hg [II] solution took place. Purge gas passes through this chamber resulting to a prompt release of mercury vapor, purging into the adsorbent that regulated at the desired adsorption temperature. After sorbent saturation, in order to study the adsorption parameters of sorbents [activated carbon and bone char] such as breakthrough time [BTT], and adsorptive capacity, mercury gas stream was passed through the sorbents, directly transport to the CVAAS. Preliminary experiments concerning the reductant solution showed that SnCl[2] offers higher stability than NaBH[4]. Around the loading range 0.125-2.5 ml min-1 of 100 micro g l[-1] Hg[II] solution, a linear calibration curve with the equation peak area=0.134; loading flow=-0.017 and a correlation coefficient r=0.996 was obtained, and the detection limit was improved up to c[L]=1micro g l[-1]. The relative standard deviation of five measurements of lowest flow loading of Hg [II] was RSD=2.8%. The significant differences were observed in the breakthrough time and mercury adsorptive capacity between activated carbon and bone char [P=0.010]. This novel setup is suitable for an on-line study of elemental mercury adsorption, determination of breakthrough time and adsorption capacity, and because of its stable performance during all experiments; it can be applied to the time based studies


Subject(s)
Mercury/analysis , Cold Temperature , Mercury/isolation & purification , Adsorption , Calibration , Online Systems , Limit of Detection , Air Pollutants
2.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2012. xxii,121 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-638277

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli é uma bactéria com potencialidades de virulência para seres humanos tendo impacto significativo na Saúde Pública, principalmente, de países em desenvolvimento. Em alguns casos, esta bactéria pode carrear determinantes genéticos de resistência ao mercúrio, o que a torna uma alternativa promissora para processos de biorremediação. O objetivo desse estudo foi isolar amostras de E. coli a partir de ambientes aquáticos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e investigar características biogenéticas e de resistência ao mercúrio. Para atingir a presente proposta foram realizados testes bacteriológicos para o isolamento, a análise do padrão de susceptibilidade ao mercúrio e a antimicrobianos e, ensaios moleculares de amplificação visando a investigação do potencial de enteropatogenicidade, da diversidade genética e da presença do gene merA. Foram incluídas no estudo 178 amostras de Escherichia coli isoladas de sistemas aquáticos no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados obtidos revelaram a presença do gene merA em 14 amostras, cuja diversidade foi revelada por eletroforese em gel desnaturante. A filogrupagem revelou uma população bacteriana distribuída nos grupos A (91,6 por cento), B2 (3,4 por cento) e D (5 por cento) e os genes de enterovirulência foram detectados em 11,2 por cento das amostras permitindo a classificação nos patotipos ETEC, ATEC e STEC. A análise do genoma total por ensaios de amplificação randômica do DNA polimórfico revelou uma elevada diversidade genética entre as amostras de E. coli carreadoras do marcador de resistência ao mercúrio. A resistência aos antimicrobianos foi detectada em 37 por cento das amostras e definiu 23 perfis de resistência distintos (I-XXIII) e o fenótipo de multirresistência foi observado para até 07 dos antimicrobianos testados. Concluimos que amostras de Escherichia coli com propriedades e potencialidades de virulência circulam amplamente em diferentes sistemas aquáticos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, alertando para ações específicas na área de vigilância epidemiológica. Em função das potencialidades patogênicas nas amostras bacterianas resistentes ao Hg, análises mais precisas são requeridas visando aplicações em processos de biorremediação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aquatic Environment , Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Mercury/analysis , Mercury/isolation & purification , Genetic Variation , Chemical Contamination , Virulence
3.
Braz. oral res ; 22(2): 119-124, 2008. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-485950

ABSTRACT

Mercury, as any other heavy metal, may cause environmental damages due to its accumulation and biotransformation. Dental offices, whether private or institutional, use dental amalgam as a restorative material on a daily basis. Dental amalgam is composed of mercury (50 percent), silver (30 percent) and other metals. Approximately 30 percent of the amalgam prepared in dental offices (0.6 g per capsule) are wasted and inadequately discarded without any treatment. Methods for mercury recovery have been proposed previously, using high temperatures through exposure to direct flame (650°C), long processing time, and hazardous reagents as potassium cyanide. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to replace the direct flame by an electrical mantle in the process of mercury recovery. Results showed an average mercury recovery of 90 percent from 2 kg of amalgam after 30 minutes of processing time, thus optimizing the procedure. The proposed modifications allowed a significant reduction in processing time and a mercury recovery with high purity. The modified process also provided minimization of operator exposure to physical, chemical and ergonomic hazards, representing a technological advance compared to the risks inherent to the original method. It also provided environmental health and economy of energy resources by replacing a finite energy source (fossil and organic) by a more environmentally appropriate electric source, resulting in significant improvement of the procedure for mercury recovery from dental amalgam.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Amalgam/chemistry , Dental Waste/analysis , Environmental Exposure/prevention & control , Medical Waste Disposal/methods , Mercury/analysis , Waste Management/methods , Brazil , Dental Offices , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Environmental Health , Environmental Monitoring , Environmental Pollutants/analysis , Hazardous Waste/analysis , Mercury Poisoning , Mercury/isolation & purification , Risk Assessment
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